Iron Age

Rectangular earthwork at Westcott

Resistivity survey and excavation by G Rapson of a section of a cropmark, previously recorded as a possible Roman camp, revealed an Iron Age ditch. The section was located close to the entrance and contained charcoal-rich deposits, the lowest of which included a large variety of unabraded sherds of burnished pottery. Upper layers included bead rims and grey sandy wares of probable 1st century BC or 1st century AD date. A sample of well preserved animal bone, including the skull of a red deer stag from which the antlers had been sawn off, was recovered from the ditch.

Manor Farm, University of Surrey, Guildford

Evaluation by A Holmes of OA in an area proposed for the construction of sports pitches. Possible prehistoric hearth pits and a ditch, together with a Medieval boundary ditch probably associated with the Royal Deer Park, and evidence for a Post-Medieval trackway were encountered, although the general density of features was low. No evidence for a postulated Roman road running through the site was seen, although a band of natural gravel was seen in the approximate location, which likely accounts for previously recorded geophysical anomalies across the area.

Ravenspoint, St George's Hill

Two trenches excavated by RJ Poulton and MG O'Connell for SCC and Berkley Homes Ltd in advance of proposed redevelopment. No finds or features in the interior and no finds in a section of the inner rampart, but two phases noted, perhaps to be equated with previous finds of early and late IA pottery from the site.

North of Pendell Farm, Bletchingley

Three phases of archaeological investigation were carried out by S Ford, J Pine and J Lewis of TVAS in advance of possible future extraction on this site. The first phase comprised the excavation of 249 trenches and revealed a range of deposits of Late Bronze Age, Roman, Early Saxon, Late Saxon and medieval dates, within an area coincident with a cropmark enclosure complex; a small number of gullies possibly dating to the Neolithic or Bronze Age to the west, and in-situ Mesolithic artefacts and a Mesolithic pit.

Manor Farm, Laleham

Evaluation by J Pine and A Weale of TVAS in advance of possible mineral extraction involved the excavation of 149 trenches. A high density of certain and probable archaeological deposits was revealed, with 60% of the trenches proving positive, although little cultural or environmental dating evidence was recovered from them. Where such evidence was present, the deposits reflected Early Neolithic and probable Middle to Late Bronze Age occupation, with prehistoric activity of other periods represented by a few pieces of possible Mesolithic flintwork, Late Neolithic and Late Iron Age pottery.

Wapshott Road, Egham

Second phase of evaluation continuing from work in 2007 by D Hopkinson of ASE. A small group of shallow gullies, some of which contained Bronze Age to Iron Age pottery, was revealed, together with a field drain containing a single sherd of Roman pottery, and a natural feature containing a single Mesolithic flint flake.

Cobham Road, Fetcham

Watching brief undertaken by T Munnery of SCAU, and involving C Green of QUEST, during the installation of a pipeline, revealed an area of Late Upper Palaeolithic/Early Mesolithic and Late Mesolithic flintworking and the foundations of a Roman building. A subsequent excavation discovered that the Late Upper Palaeolithic/Early Mesolithic material was found to be an in-situ scatter of lithics with an eastern and western boundary and two areas with a low lithic density that could infer the positions of two knappers.

Land north of Tanyard Farm, Horley (Horley North East Sector Development

Excavation and watching brief by D Swift of ASE. Extensive evidence for Middle to Late Iron Age settlement was revealed to the south of the Burstow Stream, including a rare double-ring gully and post-built structure of a possible ritual nature. An apparent hiatus in occupation occurred until re-settlement in the 1st century AD, although field systems elsewhere on the site showed evidence for continuity. A further hiatus in occupation was noted until activity resumed in the late 2nd–early 3rd centuries AD.

Stepstile Meadows, Reigate

Excavation by D Whittaker and A Margetts of ASE, continuing from previous evaluation and excavations in 2007. Limited archaeological material was revealed, with the majority of the predominantly Iron Age and Roman finds being recovered from a layer of colluvium. Some fairly unabraded Neolithic material was also recovered from this layer, suggesting possible rapid deposition, although the presence of early medieval material also suggests some later disturbance, possibly through ploughing.

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